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The Portuguese, the Dutch, the French and the English came in quick succession and established trading centres known as 'Factories'. However, it crumbled at the battle of Talikota in 1564 to the confederate forces of the Deccan Sultans.Įven during the period of the tumultuous confusion that followed the battle of Talikota, European commercial interest had appeared as rivals in the area of South India. At the same time, the Vijayanagar Kingdom quickly consolidated itself and extended its sway over the whole of South India, and at the close of the century, Vijayanagar became the supreme power in South. Muslims gradually strengthened their position, which led to the establishment of the Bahamani Sultanate, by the middle of the 14 th century. In the two centuries that followed, the imperial Cholas gained paramountcy over South India. At the end of the 11 th century, Tamil Nadu was ruled by several dynasties like the Chalukyas, Cholas and Pandyas. The last Pallava ruler was Aparajita, in whose reign the later Cholas under Vijayalaya and Aditya asserted themselves by about the 10 th century. They were the originators of the famous Dravidian style of temple architecture. The Pallavas held supremacy from about the second quarter of the fourth century A.D. The southern states of India were under the hegemony of the Cholas, the Cheras and the Pandyas for centuries. Though early sangam classics throw historical references, we pass to recorded history only from the Pallavas. The State of Tamil Nadu has a hoary antiquity.
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